CHAPTER FIVE - CONCLUSION


We have come to the end of our survey of world civilizations (part 1)! There is, of course, some need for closure to this class despite the almost impossible task of truly summarizing the issues and achievements we have been looking at for a very full ten weeks.

There were three primary goals for this class. One goal was to provide a better understanding of the common features of human societies over space and time by looking at patterns in the human story.  Some examples of patterns and connections we have looked at were: the influential role of geography, the central importance of religion in human societies, the need for humans to create structures and institutions to provide a measure of security and the role of empires in human history.

The second purpose of this course was to cultivate an appreciation for the remarkable diversity and creativity of humans in responding to these needs and influences. The variations in religious views, political structures and cultural emphases covered in this class represent only a glimpse of the richness of human creativity, but hopefully have given you a taste for more.   Learning about and appreciating human culture and creativity is an endless source of fascination and investigation - something you can pursue as a life-long learner.

The final goal was to establish connections between the religions, cultures and events from this early period in World History, and the links to current conditions and concerns - to give the historical context for issues we face today.  Hopefully even a very brief overview of some of these intriguing periods and civilizations has increased your understanding of the issues that face us today. While solutions to many problems may remain difficult to perceive and/or implement, an obvious starting point to being an informed, involved global citizen is knowing the roots of issues, beliefs, and conflicts. History also provides you with lessons learned and examples to follow -- or avoid.

Recognize that the periods and events covered in History 151 are only the first part of the human story. We end our overview on the brink of an epic change - the European expeditions of the 1400's and 1500's which will usher in an even more global phase of interaction between the many regions and civilizations we have discussed. The movement of Europeans into the realm of sea travel, sea trade and establishment of colonies will tie the globe together, ending American isolation and initiating global territorial expansion and empire building.

During these last 500 years, the centuries ushered in by European global expansion resulted in an accelerating pace and intensity of cultural interaction and interchange in World History.  To be able to understand more recent centuries of interaction, however, you must rely on your knowledge of the early periods of distinctive developments as well as shared patterns in human societies. So for those of you who continue on to the second part of this exciting story of human history, either in a History 152 class or in other ways, keep your notes! Understanding the developments and distinctive features of the cultures we have traced this semester will be essential in tracing global developments after 1500 - and understanding complex interactions in our global world.

The hope is that you continue learn about history and cultures to:

Be informed, get involved,contribute actively to solving the dilemmas "civilizations" continue to confront.  Helping provide the knowledge and fuel the commitment for students to be active global citizens is, ultimately, the purpose of any history class!


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